{"id":3742,"date":"2026-09-06T21:54:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T19:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cmb.industries\/blog\/realitni-trh-zone-mixte\/"},"modified":"2026-09-07T12:11:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T10:11:47","slug":"realitni-trh-zone-mixte","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.cmb.industries\/cs\/blog\/realitni-trh-zone-mixte\/","title":{"rendered":"Realitn\u00ed trh \u2013 \u201eZone Mixte\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Stoj\u00edme p\u0159ed paradoxem: bytov\u00e9 prostory se zoufale hledaj\u00ed, zat\u00edmco centra m\u011bst a obchodn\u00ed prostory z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9; hybridn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed modely nahrazuj\u00ed klasick\u00fd kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot, nov\u00e9 obory podnik\u00e1n\u00ed nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na hranice \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed; nov\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed modely ignoruj\u00ed odv\u011btvov\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed. Stavebn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy za t\u00edm zaost\u00e1vaj\u00ed <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> a pl\u00e1novac\u00edch norem. Otev\u00edr\u00e1 se zde dialektika \u0159\u00e1du a nutnosti, kter\u00e1 vol\u00e1: Co nejm\u00e9n\u011b omezen\u00ed, kolik svobody je t\u0159eba. <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byla doba, kdy se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee m\u011bsta lze rozd\u011blit na jasn\u011b vymezen\u00e9 z\u00f3ny \u2013 tady se bydl\u00ed, tam se pracuje, jinde se nakupuje. A tehdy bylo legitimn\u00ed tak uva\u017eovat. Toto funkcionalistick\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 moderny v\u0161ak ji\u017e d\u00e1vno ztratilo smysl. Tato logika toti\u017e vych\u00e1z\u00ed z mechanistick\u00e9ho pohledu na sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd za\u017eil sv\u016fj rozkv\u011bt v 19. stolet\u00ed a dominoval urbanismu 20. stolet\u00ed. (\u010casto nespr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretovan\u00e1) Ath\u00e9nsk\u00e1 charta rozd\u011blila m\u011bsto na \u010dty\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce: bydlen\u00ed, pr\u00e1ci, odpo\u010dinek a dopravu. Kartezi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 slibuje jasnost, ale dus\u00ed \u017eivot. Pot\u0159ebujeme novou flexibilitu v uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed prostor\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Autor(\u0159i): Le Corbusier | N\u00e1zev: Plan voisin, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e | Datum: 1925 | Um\u011bleck\u00e1 forma: Maketa . \u00dadaje o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech: \u00a9 F.L.C. \/ Adagp, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e [rok] – Fotografie: F.L.C. \/ Adagp images | \u201e11\u201c [https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/richardsennett\/46003772591] od Richarda Sennetta, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cyklus teze \u2013 antiteze \u2013 synt\u00e9za<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e prostory vymezujeme jejich ur\u010den\u00edm, dopou\u0161t\u00edme se kategorick\u00e9 chyby: zach\u00e1z\u00edme s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm dynamick\u00fdm, jako by to bylo statick\u00e9. Prom\u00edt\u00e1me sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby do neur\u010dit\u00e9 budoucnosti a chov\u00e1me se, jako by se zp\u016fsoby \u017eivota nem\u011bnily. Je t\u0159eba formulovat nov\u00e9 teze. Teze absolutn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du (funk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3nov\u00e1n\u00ed) plod\u00ed svou antitezi (pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 prostory, nedostatek byt\u016f) a vy\u017eaduje synt\u00e9zu (flexibiln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed). Tato synt\u00e9za v\u0161ak nen\u00ed koncem pohybu \u2013 sama se st\u00e1v\u00e1 novou tez\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zrod\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed antitezi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pl\u00e1n toho, co nebylo pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prostory nejsou nikdy neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed; stejn\u011b jako d\u016fm nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm souhrnem m\u00edstnost\u00ed \u2013 je to kosmos, sv\u011bt s\u00e1m o sob\u011b, kter\u00fd vz\u00e1jemn\u011b interaguje se sv\u00fdm okol\u00edm. Pokud tedy prostoru prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jeho ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azujeme pevnou funkci, ignorujeme tuto existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dimenzi. S prostorem zach\u00e1z\u00edme, jako by byl objektivn\u00ed. P\u0159itom je to sp\u00ed\u0161e jev, kter\u00fd je nabit\u00fd lidmi, jejich \u010diny a jedn\u00e1n\u00edm. Jev, kter\u00fd st\u00e1le v\u00edce hroz\u00ed udu\u0161en\u00edm a prom\u011b\u0148uje m\u011bsto v d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b odcizen\u00ed. Prostor t\u00edsn\u00ed, proto\u017ee nemovitost se st\u00e1v\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00edm, jeho\u017e sm\u011bnn\u00e1 hodnota je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeho u\u017eitn\u00e1 hodnota. Obytn\u00fd prostor se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011btem spekulac\u00ed, domov se st\u00e1v\u00e1 kapit\u00e1lovou investic\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v je\u0161t\u011b podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pl\u00e1nech ani v je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpisech. Spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed adaptivn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou reagovat na zm\u011bny. V pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 prostor pro nepl\u00e1novan\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Chris M\u00fcller (c) Antje Wolm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro nov\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e nen\u00ed pasivn\u00ed \u2013 p\u016fsob\u00ed, ovliv\u0148uje a m\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bsto. Ot\u00e1zkou je, jak m\u016f\u017eeme tyto akt\u00e9ry nov\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dat. Amsterdam ukazuje, jak to m\u016f\u017ee fungovat: m\u011bsto vytvo\u0159ilo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9ho\u201etransforma\u010dn\u00edho t\u00fdmu<\/a>\u201c pracovn\u00ed skupinu, kter\u00e1 c\u00edlen\u011b identifikuje pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 budovy a urychluje jejich p\u0159em\u011bnu na bytov\u00e9 prostory. Byly zjednodu\u0161eny postupy p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b \u00fazemn\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed a nab\u00eddnuty finan\u010dn\u00ed pob\u00eddky. Tento koncept byl rovn\u011b\u017e vyu\u017eit k zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed turisticky atraktivn\u00edch m\u00edst a k tomu, aby se ulice op\u011bt staly p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pro bydlen\u00ed. Iniciativa byla natolik \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, \u017ee se nyn\u00ed uplat\u0148uje i p\u0159i o\u017eiven\u00ed cel\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To, co se skute\u010dn\u011b d\u011bje, se nemus\u00ed shodovat s t\u00edm, co bylo napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u0159ebujeme adaptivn\u00ed kategorie \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u00edsto striktn\u00edho p\u0159i\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed by \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny m\u011bly definovat koridory vyu\u017eit\u00ed, v jejich\u017e r\u00e1mci by majitel\u00e9 a u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohli flexibiln\u011b jednat. Belgie experimentuje s\u201eZones Mixtes\u201c<\/a>, v nich\u017e lze kombinovat bydlen\u00ed, pr\u00e1ci a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed bez n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch schvalovac\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nakonec je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed nov\u00e1 kultura pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 uva\u017euje v cyklech. Budovy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku koncipov\u00e1ny jako adaptivn\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako jejich ur\u010den\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prom\u011bna kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch prostor v obytn\u00e9 prostory je p\u0159itom jen jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho posunu. Jde o to, jak chceme v budoucnu \u017e\u00edt spole\u010dn\u011b, jak chceme pracovat, jak chceme zakl\u00e1dat firmy a rodiny. O m\u011bsta, kter\u00e1 nejsou stav\u011bna pro abstraktn\u00ed funkce, ale pro lidi. O prostory, kter\u00e9 se dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159izp\u016fsobit, kdy\u017e se zm\u011bn\u00ed pot\u0159eby. O pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nestanov\u00ed v\u0161e p\u0159edem, ale vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prostor pro mo\u017enosti, prostor pro skute\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z mnoha p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se prvk\u016f. A tak je v realit\u011b \u017eivota ka\u017ed\u00fd prostor \u201ezone mixte\u201c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(c) https:\/\/www.objektiv-j.com\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":2317,"template":"","categories":[],"class_list":["post-3742","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t